dna replication transcription translation

The sub-units can be seen here entering the enzyme through its intake hole and they are joined together to form the long messenger RNA chain snaking out of the top. DNA Replication, Transcription & Translation Whenever cells divide, they need to make an extra copy of their DNA through DNA replication. It acts as a template for the synthesis of an RNA molecule which is assembled one sub-unit at a time by matching the DNA letter code on the template strand. The RNA polymerase unzips a small portion of the DNA helix exposing the bases on each strand. Contact between the activator proteins and the initiation-complex releases the copying mechanisM. These regions may be thousands of base pairs distant from the start of the gene. 6.1 The DNA 6.2 The Search for Genetic Material 6.3 RNA World 6.4 Replication 6.5 Transcription 6.6 Genetic Code 6.7 Translation 6.8 Regulation of Gene Expression 6.9 Human Genome Pr oject 6.10 DNA Fingerprinting In the previous chapter, you have lear nt the inheritance patterns and the genetic basis of such patterns. 2.7.U5, Translation is the synthesis of polypeptides on ribosomes. The first stage of transcription is the uncoiling of the DNA. Transcription is the synthesis of mRNA copied from the DNA base sequences by RNA polymerase.

Figure 3.26 Transcription: from DNA to mRNA In the first of the two stages of making protein from DNA, a gene on the DNA molecule is transcribed into a complementary mRNA molecule. The initiation complex requires contact with activator proteins, which bind to specific sequences of DNA known as enhancer regions. DNA transcription is the formation of an RNA strand which is complementary to the DNA strand. Like DNA replication, there are three stages to transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination. The assembled collection of all these factors is referred to as the transcription initiation complex. inserting it with the help of other factors between the strands of the DNA double helix. It manoeuvres the RNA polymerase into place. A mediator protein complex arrives carrying the enzyme RNA polymerase. Biology for the IB Diploma page 49 Transcription and Translation: The central function of DNA is to control and direct the activities of the cell. Because no DNA molecule is ever completely new, DNA replication is considered semi-conservative. Note the use of sense and anti-sense strands in transcription can be replaced with non-transcribed and transcribed/template strands respectively. The two new DNA strands are identical to the original strands. 3.) The RNA-Polymerase is starting to synthesize the Pre-mRNA from the 5’ to the 3’ direction. Be careful DNA polymerase is the enzyme involved in DNA replication RNA polymerase is the enzyme involved in transcription don’t get these confused. The promoter is a region on the DNA, which is located upstream, near the transcription start side. The length of DNA following the promoter is a gene and it contains the recipe for a protein. 1.) RNA Polymerase attaches to the promoter. Transcription factors assemble at a specific promoter region along the DNA. The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: 'DNA makes RNA makes protein' Here the process begins.

Dna replication transcription translation